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2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(4): e0015, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288631

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The authors present a case of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei , a rare skin disease of unknown etiology, which may cause unaesthetic scarring due to its difficult treatment. The histopathological examination of epithelioid granulomas with caseating necrosis, together with the clinical features, are important for diagnosis and early treatment with better results. Despite difficult and unsatisfactory treatment, there are ongoing studies on therapy to improve aesthetic and social impairment. This case report describes an initial misdiagnosis delaying appropriate treatment, and highlights the value of physical examination and clinical judgment for another pathological examination, whenever necessary, aiming at better treatment outcomes in daily practice.


RESUMO Os autores apresentam um caso de lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei , uma dermatose rara, de etiologia desconhecida, que pode deixar cicatrizes não estéticas, pela dificuldade de tratamento. O exame histopatológico de granulomas compostos por células epitelioides, com necrose caseosa, e as características clínicas, são importantes para o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, com melhores resultados. Apesar do tratamento difícil e insatisfatório, há estudos em andamento sobre terapias para melhorar o comprometimento estético e social. Este relato de caso descreve um diagnóstico inicial errôneo, que atrasou o tratamento adequado, e destaca o valor do exame físico e raciocínio clínico para solicitar outro exame anatomopatológico, quando necessário, de forma a obter melhores desfechos com o tratamento, na prática diária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Eyelid Diseases/pathology , Eyelid Diseases/drug therapy , Facial Dermatoses/pathology , Facial Dermatoses/drug therapy , Tetracycline/therapeutic use , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Isotretinoin/therapeutic use , Cicatrix , Tacrolimus/therapeutic use , Rosacea/pathology , Rosacea/drug therapy , Dapsone/therapeutic use , Granuloma/pathology , Granuloma/drug therapy , Lupus Vulgaris/pathology , Lupus Vulgaris/drug therapy , Minocycline/therapeutic use
3.
An. bras. dermatol ; 94(1): 29-36, Jan.-Feb. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-983752

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Background: Diseases caused by melanized fungi include mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. This broad clinical spectrum depends on the dynamic interactions between etiologic agent and host. The immune status of the host influences on the development of the disease, as, an exemple. phaeohyphomicosis is more frequently observed in immunocompromised patients. Objectives: Examine the histological inflammatory response induced by Fonsecaea pedrosoi in several different strains of mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6, Nude and SCID, and reconstituted Nude). Methods: Fonsecaea pedrosoi was cultivated on agar gel and a fragment of this gel was implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal region of female adult mice. After infection has been obtained, tissue fragment was studied histopathologically. Results: There were significant changes across the strains, with the nodular lesion more persistent in Nude and SCID mice, whereas in immunocompetent mice the lesion progressed to ulceration and healing. The histopathological analysis showed a significant acute inflammatory reaction which consisted mainly of neutrophils in the initial phase that was subsequently followed by a tuberculoid type granuloma in immunocompetent mice. Study limitations: There is no a suitable animal model for chromoblastomycosis. Conclusions: The neutrophilic infiltration had an important role in the containment of infection to prevent fungal spreading, including in immunodeficient mice. The fungal elimination was dependent on T lymphocytes. The re-exposure of C57BL/6 mice to Fonsecaea pedrosoi caused a delay in resolving the infection, and appearance of muriform cells, which may indicate that re-exposure to fungi, might lead to chronicity of infection.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Ascomycota , Dermatomycoses/immunology , Immunocompetence , Inflammation/immunology , Inflammation/microbiology , Species Specificity , Time Factors , Blood Cell Count , Chronic Disease , Chromoblastomycosis/immunology , Chromoblastomycosis/pathology , Mice, SCID , Dermatomycoses/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Inflammation/pathology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Nude , Neutrophils
4.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 54(4): 439-444, 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-912676

ABSTRACT

Sporotrichosis is a dermatozoonosis caused by fungi of the Sporothrix genus. It is classified as an implantation mycosis. This fungal infection, with anthropozoonotic and saprozoonotic characteristics and which has domestic felines, soil, and vegetables as main sources of infection, has been responsible for epizootic and epidemic outbreaks in southern and southeastern Brazil. This report presents the case of a feline diagnosed and treated for sporotrichosis at Dermatology Service of FMVZ/USP, after referral from the Dermatology Department of EPM/Unifesp, where the owners of the cat were being treated for human sporotrichosis.(AU)


A esporotricose é uma dermatozoonose que tem como agentes etiológicos fungos do gênero Sporothrix. É responsável por quadros micóticos ditos de implantação. Essa micose, de características antropo e saprozoonóticas e cujas principais fontes de infecção são os felinos domésticos, o solo e os vegetais, tem sido responsável por surtos epizoóticos e epidêmicos no sul e sudeste brasileiro. Este relato apresenta o caso de um felino diagnosticado e tratado para esporotricose pelo Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ/USP, após ter sido encaminhado pelo Departamento de Dermatologia da EPM/Unifesp, onde os proprietários do animal estavam sendo tratados para esporotricose humana.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Disease Transmission, Infectious/veterinary , Sporothrix , Sporotrichosis/epidemiology , Sporotrichosis/etiology , Zoonoses/transmission , Brazil , Mycoses/veterinary
5.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(1): 160-162, Jan-Feb/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703539

ABSTRACT

Seborrheic keratosis is a common skin lesion which may coincidentally be associated melanocytic nevi. The authors describe a case of dysplastic nevus associated with seborrheic keratosis and discuss the clinical, dermoscopic, and histological findings of this association. They also discuss the association between seborrheic keratosis and other benign and malignant tumours.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome/pathology , Keratosis, Seborrheic/pathology , Dermoscopy , Melanoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology
6.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(6,supl.1): 101-104, Nov-Dec/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696787

ABSTRACT

A case is reported of a patient presenting lymph node tuberculosis and cutaneous lesions resembling papulonecrotic tuberculid, but histologically compatible with perforating granuloma annulare and which responded satisfactorily to antituberculous therapy. This is probably one of the first reports of the association of perforating granuloma annulare and tuberculosis, and it is important therefore to highlight the relevance of this disorder in the differential diagnosis of papulonecrotic tuberculid and to raise the hypothesis that this entity should also be considered to be a variant of tuberculid.


Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente com tuberculose ganglionar e lesões cutâneas clinicamente sugestivas de tubercúlide pápulo-necrótica, porém com histopatologia compatível com granuloma anular perfurante, e que apresentaram melhora após tratamento para a tuberculose. Trata-se, possivelmente, de um dos primeiros relatos da associação de granuloma anular perfurante com tuberculose, salientando a importância desta entidade no diagnóstico diferencial da tubercúlide pápulo-necrótica e levantando a possibilidade da mesma ser considerada, também, uma variante de tubercúlide.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Granuloma Annulare/pathology , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/pathology , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/pathology , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Diagnosis, Differential , Necrosis
7.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(3): 432-437, jun. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676235

ABSTRACT

Malakoplakia is a rare acquired disease that can affect many systems but is more common in the urogenital tract. Cutaneous malakoplakia is even rarer. It is far more frequent in immunodeficient patients. We report a case of cutaneous malakoplakia in a kidney transplant patient who had recently stopped receiving immunosuppressive therapy to illustrate a review of the relevant recent literature.


Malacoplaquia é uma doença adquirida rara que pode afetar diversos órgãos e sistemas, mas é mais comum no trato urogenital. O acometimento cutâneo é ainda menos frequente. Atinge principalmente imunodeficientes. Relatamos caso de malacoplaquia cutânea em um paciente transplantado renal que havia recentemente deixado de receber a terapia imunossupressora, a fim de ilustrar uma revisão da literatura recente relevante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Malacoplakia/pathology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunocompromised Host , Malacoplakia/etiology , Skin Diseases/etiology
8.
Surg. cosmet. dermatol. (Impr.) ; 5(2): 177-179, Abr.-Jun. 2013. ilus.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2351

ABSTRACT

Os neuromas encapsulados em paliçada são tumores neurais solitários da pele caracterizados pela presença de feixes compactos e paralelos de fascículos de células de Schwann. Apresenta-se um caso desse tumor, confirmado por exame anatomopatológico, em paciente do sexo feminino, de 55 anos, que relatou mácula hipocrômica de crescimento que evoluiu para pápula de superfície lisa e em domo, com telangiectasias, simulando carcinoma basocelular. Ter conhecimento dessa entidade é importante para a realização de diagnósticos diferenciais com outras lesões, em especial com o CBC, tumores de apêndice cutâneo, nevos e cistos epidérmicos.


Palisaded encapsulated neuromas are solitary neural skin tumors characterized by the presence of compact and parallel bundles of Schwann cell fascicles. The present article reports a case of this type of tumor, which was confirmed by anatomic pathological examination of a 55-year-old female patient who reported hypochromic macula growth, which had evolved into a smooth domed superficial papule with telangiectasias, simulating a basal cell carcinoma. Having knowledge of this entity is crucial in order to carry out differential diagnoses-comparing it to other lesions-especially basal cell carcinomas, skin appendage tumors, nevi, and epidermal cysts.

9.
An. bras. dermatol ; 87(4): 629-631, July-Aug. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-645337

ABSTRACT

Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma is a rare disease characterized by monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the skin, in the absence of bone or systemic disease. It can be solitary or multiple, the latter being even more rare and presenting a higher mortality rate. We describe the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects as well as the evolution of an 87-year-old female patient, diagnosed as having multiple primary cutaneous plasmacytomas.


O plasmocitoma cutâneo primário é uma entidade rara, caracterizada pela proliferação monoclonal de plasmócitos na pele, na ausência de doença óssea ou sistêmica. Pode ser único ou múltiplo, sendo esta última forma ainda mais rara e de pior prognóstico. Descreveremos os aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos, imunohistoquímicos e a evolução de um caso de paciente do sexo feminino, 87 anos, com diagnóstico de plasmocitoma cutâneo primário com múltiplas lesões.


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin/pathology , Biopsy
10.
An. bras. dermatol ; 87(3): 482-484, May-June 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638544

ABSTRACT

Pigmented Bowen's disease (PBD) is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma in situ and represents less than 2% of cases of Bowen's disease. It is characterized by a sharply demarcated, pigmented plaque with a scaly or crusted surface on intertriginous and genital areas. The authors describe a case of PBD on the penis and analyze the dermoscopic aspects of this type of lesion.


A doença de Bowen Pigmentada (DBP) é uma variante do carcinoma espinocelular in situ e compreende menos de 2% dos casos da Doença de Bowen. Apresenta-se como placa pigmentada, hiperqueratósica, delimitada, localizada em áreas intertriginosas e anogenital. Os autores descrevem um caso de DBP no pênis e abordam os aspectos dermatoscópicos dessa lesão.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bowen's Disease/pathology , Penile Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Dermoscopy
11.
An. bras. dermatol ; 87(1): 119-122, Jan.-Feb. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622459

ABSTRACT

This case report is about a 48-year-old female patient with systemic amyloidosis and multiple myeloma simultaneously. Amyloid cutaneous infiltrative lesions like papules, nodules, or plaques with a serous-hemorrhagic aspect were found in the eyelids, neck and retroauricular region, among others. She had presented intermittent papular lesions on the upper eyelids one year before, which worsened following local trauma. A local skin biopsy showed amorphous and eosinophilic substance in the dermis. Congo red staining confirmed the amyloid deposits. Abnormal exams: proteinuria (570mg/24h), Bence-Jones proteinuria and clonal plasma cells (70%) found in myelogram. Following the diagnosis of multiple myeloma based on amyloid skin lesions, the patient was referred to the Hematology service and died 5 months after the diagnosis.


Relatamos um caso de uma paciente de 48 anos com amiloidose sistêmica associada a mieloma múltiplo. Lesões infiltrativas cutâneas como pápulas, nódulos ou placas com aspecto sero-hemorrágico podem ser localizados nas pálpebras, pescoço, região retroauricular dentre outras. No presente caso, as pálpebras foram acometidas por pápulas, há 1 ano, de caráter intermitente e piora após trauma local. Biópsia local evidenciou material amorfo e eosinofílico na derme. A coloração vermelho do Congo confirmou presença de substância amiloide. Exames anormais: proteinúria de 570mg/24 horas, proteinúria de Bence-Jones positiva e mielograma com 70% de plasmócitos atípicos. Assim, realizou-se o diagnóstico de mieloma múltiplo a partir de manifestações cutâneas de amiloidose. Paciente encaminhada ao serviço de hematologia e foi a óbito em 5 meses.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Amyloidosis/pathology , Eyelids/pathology , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Amyloidosis/complications , Congo Red , Fatal Outcome , Multiple Myeloma/etiology
12.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 9(2)abr.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594932

ABSTRACT

The livedoid vasculopathy is a rare condition characterized by the resence of recurrent painful ulcers in distal extremities of lower limbs. Histologically there is thickness of dermal vessels, occlusion of its light by fibrin thrombi associated with minimal inflammatory infiltrate. It might occur as an isolated condition or be associated with an underlying systemic disease, including coagulation and collagen disorders, or neoplasms. Because it is a rare disease there is no consensus for its treatment. We report a case of a 41-year-old man with painful ulcers in the lower extremities. We did not find any associated diseases. The lesions improved dramatically after treatment with anticoagulant and hyperbaric therapy. We concluded that anticoagulation associated with hyperbaric oxygenation may be benefit for the treatment of patients with livedoid vasculopathy. However, further studies should be done with a larger population to confirm our results.


A vasculopatia livedoide é uma doença que se caracteriza pela presença de úlceras dolorosas recorrentes localizadas nas extremidades distais dos membros inferiores. Histologicamente, apresenta-se com espessamento dos vasos da derme, oclusão de sua luz por trombos de fibrina, associados a um mínimo infiltrado inflamatório. Pode se apresentar isoladamente ou em associação a trombofilias, desordens do colágeno ou doenças neoplásicas. Por ser uma entidade rara, não há consenso sobre seu tratamento. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 41 anos, do sexo masculino, com úlceras dolorosas de membros inferiores. Nenhum fator associado foi encontrado. Houve dramática regressão do quadro após instituição de terapia anticoagulante concomitante à aplicação de sessões de câmara hiperbárica. Concluímos que a terapia anticoagulante associada a sessões de câmara hiperbárica parece ser benéfica na vasculopatia livedoide; entretanto, sua aplicação em maior número de pacientes faz-se necessária para confirmarmos nossos resultados.


Subject(s)
Anticoagulants , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Leg Ulcer , Lower Extremity , Vasculitis
13.
An. bras. dermatol ; 85(5): 676-679, set.-out. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567828

ABSTRACT

A sífilis, doença de importante morbiletalidade no passado, tem ressurgido nos últimos anos, graças, sobretudo, às alterações nos comportamentos de risco. Um grupo epidemiológico, frequentemente, acometido é a população com infecção pelo HIV: estes pacientes podem apresentar características peculiares nas manifestações e evolução da doença. Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino, HIV-positivo, que desenvolveu um quadro florido de secundarismo: além da roséola sifilítica, apresentou pan-uveíte bilateral e acometimento do sistema nervoso central. A investigação, apresentou fenomeno pro-zona e no estudo histologico, mostrou a presenca de vasculite leucocitoclastica achado este extremamente raro e pouco documentado.


Syphilis, a disease that in the past was associated with significant morbidity and lethality rates, has resurged in recent years principally as a consequence of changes in risk behavior. An epidemiological group that is commonly affected is the HIV-infected population. The characteristics of the disease and its progression may differ in these patients. The present report describes a case of an HIV-positive male patient, who developed florid secondary syphilis: in addition to syphilitic roseola, he also presented with bilateral panuveitis and involvement of the central nervous system. Investigation revealed the prozone phenomenon and histological examination of the skin lesions showed the presence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. This finding is extremely rare and few cases have been documented.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Syphilis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Syphilis, Cutaneous/pathology , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/pathology
14.
An. bras. dermatol ; 85(2): 236-238, mar.-abr. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-547486

ABSTRACT

A cirurgia é o tratamento definitivo para os tumores glômicos. Algumas vezes, esse procedimento pode representar um desafio, pois, apesar de ser um tumor bem delimitado, a sua visualização pode ser difícil. O uso da dermatoscopia do leito e da matriz ungueal facilita o diagnóstico e auxilia a localização e delimitação do tumor. Trata-se de método simples e de baixo custo que não implica risco adicional ao paciente que irá se submeter a um procedimento cirúrgico.


Surgery is the best treatment for glomus tumors. Sometimes this can be a challenging procedure because, despite being a well-defined tumor, its visualization can be difficult. The use of nail bed and matrix dermoscopy facilitates the diagnosis and aids in the localization and demarcation of the tumor. It is a simple and low-cost procedure that does not involve additional risks to the patient who will undergo surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dermoscopy , Glomus Tumor/pathology , Nail Diseases/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Glomus Tumor/surgery , Nail Diseases/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/surgery
15.
Surg. cosmet. dermatol. (Impr.) ; 2(1): 55-59, Jan.-Mar. 2010. ilus.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-884263

ABSTRACT

O melanoma cutâneo primário em regressão (melanoma em regressão) espontânea parcial é frequente, porém a regressão completa é rara. O diagnóstico é difícil, principalmente na regressão completa. Relatam-se três casos de melanoma em regressão nos quais a biópsia inicial não revelou melanoma, e o diagnóstico foi obtido pelas metástases. Não há consenso sobre o significado prognóstico da regressão. Nos casos descritos, o melanoma em regressão associou-se a pior prognóstico, pela própria característica do tumor ou dificuldade no diagnóstico precoce e estadiamento. Conclui-se que a regressão no melanoma primário pode conferir maior dificuldade ao diagnóstico e estadiamento, com consequente pior prognóstico. Deve-se indicar biópsia excisional de lesão suspeita sempre que possível.


The partial regression of cutaneous melanoma is a frequent event. Nevertheless, complete regression is a rare and difficult to diagnose condition.We report three cases of regressed cutaneous melanoma (RCM) whose initial biopsies did not reveal melanoma and in which the diagnosis was based on the presence of metastasis. There is no consensus about the prognosis of RCMs. Some authors relate a higher prevalence of metastasis, coinciding with our cases' outcomes, where the RCM had the worst prognosis due to the tumors' aggressiveness or to the difficulty in establishing an early diagnosis and staging. We have concluded that the regression of melanoma complicates the diagnosis, staging and formulation of a worst-case scenario prognosis. Excisional biopsy should always be the first choice.

16.
In. Belfort, FA; Wainstein, AJA. Melanoma: diagnóstico e tratamento. São Paulo, Lemar, 2010. p.155-161, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-561764
17.
Surg. cosmet. dermatol. (Impr.) ; 1(4): 193-195, Out.-Dez. 2009. ilus.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-884344

ABSTRACT

Trata-se do relato de um caso de líquen plano pigmentoso,associado ao líquen plano clássico, tratado com luz intensa pulsada. A tecnologia da luz intensa pulsada tem sido utilizada com êxito na remoção de várias lesões cutâneas pigmentadas benignas e, no caso raro aqui abordado, provou sua efetividade.


This a case report of lichen planus pigmentosus associated with classical lichen planus treated with intense pulsed light. Intense pulsed light technology has been used successfully for removal of various benign pigmented skin lesions and, in this rare case, it has proved its effectiveness.

18.
An. bras. dermatol ; 84(2): 190-193, mar.-abr. 2009. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-515924

ABSTRACT

A paquidermodactilia é forma rara de fibromatose digital envolvendo as porções proximais dos dedos, que afeta homens jovens. Apresenta-se caso de paciente de 25 anos com quadro de nódulos assintomáticos nas mãos há dois anos, e há três meses com lesões semelhantes nos pés e no joelho direito. O exame histopatológico revelou espessamento da derme com proliferação de fibroblastos e de fibras colágenas e aumento de mucina. O caso descrito corresponde à paquidermodactilia do tipo transgressiva.


Pachydermodactyly is a rare form of digital fibromatosis involving the proximal portions of the fingers that usually affects young males. We present a 25-year-old male patient with a twoyear history of asymptomatic nodules in the fingers. Three months before the visit, he had observed similar lesions on the feet and right knee. Histopathological analysis showed thickened dermis with proliferation of fibroblasts and collagenous fibers, with deposition of mucinous material. This represents a rare case of pachydermodactyly of transgrediens form.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Fibroma/pathology , Foot Dermatoses/pathology , Hand Dermatoses/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology , Collagen/analysis , Diagnosis, Differential , Joints/pathology
20.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 28(8): 387-392, ago. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-492860

ABSTRACT

No período de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2005 foram atendidos 43 casos de Pênfigo Foliáceo (PF) canino no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo. Com este estudo retrospectivo visou-se atualizar dados referentes à caracterização sexual, definição racial e raça, idade, tipo e topografia lesional, quadro sintomático e resposta aos tratamentos isolados com prednisona e com a associação desta à azatioprina, além de demonstrar o aumento na ocorrência do PF relativamente à série histórica pretérita (1986-2000) do mesmo Serviço.


From August 2000 to July 2005 were attended 43 cases of canine Pemphigus foliaceous (PF) by the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo. The aim of the present study was to update the records referred to sex, breed, age, type and location of the lesions, clinical signs, and response to treatments with prednisone or combination with prednisone and azathioprine, and also to demonstrate the increase of occurrence of PF compared with the former series (1986-2000) observed in the same Service.


Subject(s)
Animals , Autoimmune Diseases , Dogs , Pemphigus , Skin Diseases
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